ANDROID INTRODUCTION

What is Android ? 

“Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications”. 
In other words, Android is a software bunch comprising not only operating system 
but also middleware and key applications.

History Of Android 

Android, Inc. was founded in California , United States in October, 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner , Nick Sears and Chris White to develop smarter mobile devices. 
On August , 2005 GOOGLE acquired Android Inc. making Android Inc. a wholly owned subsidiary of Google Inc. 



History Of Android 

At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel In 2007, the Open Handset Alliance a consortium of several companies which included Google, HTC, Intel,LG,Motorola , Samsung, T-Mobile etc was announced.The goal of the Open Handset Alliance is to develop open standards for mobile devices.In 2008, 14 new members joined, including Sony Ericsson, Toshiba Corp, and Vodafone Group. 
As of today OHA is group of 84 companies. 



Android Market Share 

•Android has captured a market share of 53% and is the topmost smartphone 
•iOS of Apple is at second position with 29% 
•Blackberry holds third spot with 10% 
•Windows phone 7 holds 2% 



 
Versions Of Android 

Platform Codename :

.Android 1.5 Cupcake 
.Android 1.6 Donut 
.Android 2.1 Eclair 
.Android 2.2 Froyo 
.Android 2.3 
.Android 2.3.2 Gingerbread 
.Android 2.3.3 
.Android 2.3.7 
.Android 3.0 Honeycomb 
.Android 3.1 
.Android 3.2 
.Android 4.0 
.Android 4.0.2 Ice Cream Sandwich 
.Android 4.0.3 


 
Android Devices 

Android devices come in all shapes and sizes. The Android OS can be seen powering the following types of devices: 

. Smartphones 
. Tablets 
. E-reader devices 
. Netbooks 
. MP4 players 
. Internet TVs 



What is Android Market ? 

Android Market(now called google play is an online software store developed by Google for devices running the Android operating system. It can be accessed via an application program called "Market", preinstalled on most Android devices, which allows users to browse and download mobile apps published by third-party developers. 



Monetary Benefits 

Developers may sell applications on the Android Market 
Application developers receive 70% of the application price. The remaining 30% is distributed 
among carriers and payment processors.Google itself does not take a percentage. 



Architecture Of Android 

 
Android Architecture Explained 
The architectural diagram shows that the Android platform can be broken down into 4 sections: 

Operating system 
Middleware libraries 
Application framework 
Applications 







Architecture Details 

Operating System: At the very bottom of the Android stack is the operating system. 
Android's OS is Linux based and performs tasks similar to a desktop computer OS. This 
includes: 

.Interfacing with the hardware through a set of device drivers (such as audio or video drivers) 
. processing user input 
.managing application processes, handling file and network I/O, and so forth 


Middleware Libraries: The middleware includes libraries for many functions (data storage, graphics rendering, web browsing, and so on) and it also contains a special sub-section called the “Dalvik runtime.” 

This is Android's special non standard JavaVirtual Machine (JVM) and its core Java application libraries 


Application Framework: 

A framework, as we know is a set of basic tools which help a developer to build more complex tools. The developers can access all framework APIs and manage phone’s basic functions like resource allocation, switching between processes or programs, telephone applications, and 
keeping track of the phone’s physical location. 


Applications: 

There are 4 different types of applications available on most Android devices: 
.core open source applications that are included as part of Android itself, such as the Browser, Camera, Gallery, Music,Phone proprietary Google apps that are not open source which are included with most official builds, including: Market, Gmail, Maps, YouTube and more handset manufacturer specific applications that are included on specific builds (such as AT&Ts own music player, Verizon's own Navigator, or Sprint's TV) third party applications that are available in the Android Market 






Android Development Process 


.java files 
.class files 
.dex (Dalvik executables) 
.XML file,Image files 
.apk file (Android package) 
.aap(android asset packaging) 




Android applications are primary written in the Java programming language. The Java source files are converted to Java class files by the Java compiler.Android provides a tool dx which 
converts Java class files into a dex (Dalvik Executable) file. All class files of one application are placed in one compressed .dex file. 



The .dex file and the resources of an Android project, e.g. the images and XML files are packed into an .apk(Android Package) file. The resulting .apk file contains all necessary data to run the Android application and can be deployed to an Android device 

SPEEDUP YOUR SYSTEM

1. Registry Tweaks:
Following topic contains a few registry tweaks to optimize your system performance and add a few useful extras:
Ultimate Collection of Registry Tweaks to Speed Up Windows 7

You just need to download the ZIP file, extract it and run the file. It'll ask for confirmation, accept it. Restart your system to take affect.

2. Right-click on Computer icon on Desktop and select Properties (or press WIN + Pause/Break keys). Now click on Advanced system settings link in left side pane (You can open it directly by giving sysdm.cpl command in RUN or start menu search box). Now click on Settings button in Performance section:

It'll open another window. Disable all unnecessary options in Visual Effects tab, you can leave following options enabled according to your requirements:

• Enable Aero Peek (If you want to use Aero Peek feature)

3. Open Windows Explorer and go to "Organize -> Folder and Search Options" and click on "View" tab.
Now disable following options:

• Display file size information in folder tips
• Hide extensions for known file types
• Show encrypted or compressed NTFS files in color
• Show pop-up description for folder and desktop items

4. Right-click on Computer icon on Desktop and select Manage (You can also open it directly by giving services.msc command in RUN or start menu search box).
Now go to Services & Applications -> Services. Here you can set a few unnecessary services to Manual, so that these services don't start automatically with Windows and you can get a faster startup.

Windows 7 Services Configuration: Turn Off / Disable Unnecessary Services to Optimize Performance






5. Type msconfig in RUN or Startmenu search box and press Enter. Now go to Startup tab and disable unwanted startup entries. You can disable your graphics card's driver utility, Sound Card utility, etc to speed up the system startup and to increase system performance.

6. Open Sound applet in Control Panel (or type mmsys.cpl in RUN or Startmenu search box and press Enter). Now go to Sounds tab and select No Sounds from Sound Scheme section. You can keep some of your favorite sounds enabled but make sure to set Exit Windows, Windows Log off, Windows Logon and Start Navigation to (None).

Also disable "Play Windows Startup sound" option to disable the sound clip which is played at login screen.

7. Also don't forget to:

• Defrag the hard disk regularly
• Install only necessary software
• Use the latest device drivers
• Keep your Windows up-to-date

After following all the above mentioned points, you'll definitely notice major improvements in your Windows 7 performance.
















                                                                                                               heartly thankful 2 u !
                                                                                                                 PRABHAT GUPTA

hpy rakhi 2 all mah dear frnds

Sister’s Rakhi on the wrist brings you responsibility of protecting not only her but any woman who would be sister of someone. O men! May your hands be strong...

In the cookies of life, sisters are the chocolate chips.
happiest moment of mah lyf....
lov u 'n miss u lot all sister.

life of flux "series of changes"...... 
nxt tym i vl not gonna to loose dis memorable occasion.

How To Make VHD (virtual hard disk)

:- here is some easiest steps to make vhd

1. open control panel,go to system & security & then click create & format partition.

2. move the mouse on logo which is on 2nd top allignment downward "view" named show/hide action pane & then  disk management(more action).

3. in more action create vhd

4. browse the location(drive) you wanna to reside your VHD file.

5. give the size of the virtual hard disk in mb/gb/tb.

6. select the virtual hard disk format (dynamically expanding/fixed size).

7. initialize the disk In Disk Management you will see the virtual drive listed as      unallocated space.

8. To begin using it you’ll need to Right-click and select Initialize Disk.

9. In the initialize disk box just keep MBR selected and hit OK. 

make new simple volume  after right click on unallocated space.

10. your virtual hard disk is now ready to use.

11. open your my computer & now you can use the disk.

graphically:-

This is a cool new feature that will let you use the disk as you would any type of real disk. You can encrypt it, share it out to other systems, store files to it…however you would use an extra disk connected to your system.

use it. nxt tym i vl lrn u HOW TO MAKE VIRTUAL                        RAM.

                                                                                                       tnx a ton.

                                                                                                        

                                                                                                       

                                                                                                        only urs

                                                                                               PRABHAT GUPTA

how to make pd bootable ?

u cn easily learn by these following steps tht how u can make ur pd bootable